NURS FPX 8014 Assessment 3 Leading Global Health Strategic Planning and Policy Development notes

Name

Capella university

NURS FPX 8014 Global Population Health

Prof. Name

Date

Leading Global Health Strategic Planning and Policy Development

Hello! I am ________. Thank you for joining this presentation, which focuses on strategic initiatives and policies aimed at enhancing public health outcomes, particularly concerning Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and its progression to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 39.9 million people globally were living with HIV in 2023, with an estimated 630,000 deaths attributed to HIV-related causes (WHO, 2024). I have chosen to attend a community meeting with a professional health association in the United States to emphasize the dire situation in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where over 7.8 million people were affected, and 85,796 deaths were reported in 2022 (Statista, 2022). The widespread impact of HIV/AIDS extends beyond individual health, affecting community well-being and economic development. This presentation will outline effective approaches and policy recommendations, integrating insights from successful historical initiatives. Notably, programs led by WHO and Frontline AIDS have played a pivotal role in addressing the HIV epidemic.

Community Engagement for Advocacy and Policy Development

For this initiative, I selected Activity A, which involved participating in a local chapter meeting of the American Nurses Association (ANA). Engaging with healthcare professionals, especially nurses, offers an excellent opportunity to share evidence-based approaches and advocate for policy adjustments targeting vulnerable populations in SSA. This platform allows for a meaningful discussion of the severity of HIV/AIDS, practical interventions, and the importance of culturally tailored strategies. Engaging stakeholders fosters collaboration, paving the way for impactful outcomes and improved healthcare services in highly affected regions like SSA.

Culturally Appropriate Strategies and Policy Proposals

As a nurse manager, it is essential to understand cultural nuances when delivering effective healthcare interventions. HIV/AIDS continues to persist in SSA, largely due to cultural beliefs and practices. Implementing culturally relevant solutions is vital for controlling the spread of the virus (Setia et al., 2022). This segment of the presentation proposes culturally competent interventions, including educational outreach, community-centered programs, enhanced access to medical treatment, and food security policies.

Culturally Sensitive Awareness Campaigns

Awareness programs play a critical role in addressing the HIV/AIDS crisis in SSA, where stigma and misconceptions about sexual health are deeply rooted in traditional customs and a lack of healthcare access. In many cultures, discussions about sexual behavior or the use of preventive tools like condoms are either prohibited or considered taboo. Conversations surrounding sexual health, especially within families, are often regarded as inappropriate (Setia et al., 2022). Educational programs should integrate local cultural beliefs while disseminating accurate information about HIV/AIDS prevention and management. In SSA, HIV is frequently linked with moral judgments, which contributes to stigma and discourages testing and treatment-seeking behavior. Culturally aligned educational initiatives can help dismantle these stigmas and encourage more individuals to access testing and care services. Successful awareness campaigns typically combine mass media, peer education, and local advocacy (He et al., 2020). Programs should be delivered by culturally competent healthcare professionals and community leaders in multiple local languages, covering topics like HIV risk factors, prevention, screening, and treatment options.

Community-Based Interventions

Integrating community-based interventions with cultural practices can significantly enhance HIV/AIDS prevention efforts. Collaborating with community leaders increases public acceptance of prevention programs. Special attention should be directed towards marginalized groups, including economically disadvantaged individuals and pregnant women (Mushamiri et al., 2021). In SSA, effective strategies might involve peer-led support groups, community outreach events, and partnerships between healthcare providers and local authorities to promote HIV screening and treatment. Home-Based HIV Testing and Counseling (HBHTC) initiatives help reduce barriers by delivering care directly to people’s homes, increasing the likelihood of early detection and continuous treatment adherence (Mushamiri et al., 2021). These initiatives ensure that SSA communities address HIV/AIDS comprehensively while sustaining political and community attention on the issue.

Affordable Access to HIV Medications and Therapy

HIV-related healthcare expenses consume nearly 20% of SSA’s total health budget. For instance, South Africa’s national HIV program costs approximately R30 billion annually, with individual HIV medical care averaging \$420,285 per year (Bingham et al., 2021). High healthcare costs deter many from seeking medical care. Making HIV treatments like Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) affordable and accessible is crucial. Policies promoting patent pooling and generic drug production can help reduce treatment expenses (Brault et al., 2021). Global funding mechanisms can further subsidize treatment costs, ensuring reliable medication access for vulnerable communities.

Food Security Policies

Food insecurity and malnutrition are significant challenges in SSA, compromising immune systems and increasing susceptibility to HIV. Policy reforms addressing food insecurity can play a critical role in HIV management. Sustainable agriculture initiatives and food security programs are essential for reducing malnutrition and strengthening immune defenses. Nutritional assistance efforts — such as food banks, meal vouchers, and school nutrition programs — can help ensure that individuals living with HIV receive essential nutrients, thereby improving health outcomes and adherence to medical regimens (Chayama et al., 2023). Medically tailored meal plans based on individual health needs are particularly beneficial for those with HIV.

Enhancing Strategy Preparation

For HIV/AIDS prevention strategies in SSA to be effective, they must reflect local cultural norms and values. Understanding regional beliefs, traditional treatments, and misconceptions about HIV prevention methods like condom use and HIV testing is crucial for developing culturally sensitive educational content (Setia et al., 2022). Gathering feedback from local community members and healthcare program leaders can provide real-time insights into the effectiveness and cultural acceptance of prevention initiatives. Additionally, assessing available community resources — such as peer networks, healthcare infrastructure, funding availability, and workforce capacity — ensures that interventions are both feasible and culturally appropriate (Mushamiri et al., 2021).

Sustainable Resources and Policy Implementation

A sustainable and multi-faceted approach is essential for effectively managing HIV/AIDS in SSA. Prioritizing resource sustainability and robust policy-making is critical for achieving lasting control over the epidemic. These objectives align with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically SDG 3, which promotes health and well-being for all and targets the eradication of AIDS by 2030 (Mirkuzie et al., 2021). Long-term investments in HIV screening, treatment services like ART and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP), and local drug manufacturing are essential. Additionally, expanding healthcare infrastructure and community workforce development ensures ongoing HIV prevention, testing, treatment, and care services. Brault et al. (2021) highlighted the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) as a successful model, which has made substantial investments in training healthcare personnel, building facilities, and enhancing laboratory systems in SSA to support HIV control efforts.

Policy development should focus on integrating comprehensive HIV/AIDS control strategies that combine preventive and therapeutic services. This includes ensuring widespread, affordable access to diagnostic services and treatment, particularly for residents in rural and underserved areas (Brault et al., 2021). Furthermore, increasing investments in healthcare infrastructure and workforce training can enhance the delivery of HIV prevention services (Jacobson, 2020). Countries with well-established healthcare systems and comprehensive HIV policies have seen marked improvements in HIV/AIDS outcomes. For example, the United States has effectively controlled the HIV epidemic through government-led research, policy reforms, and sustainable resource allocation. Significant achievements include the expansion of ART access under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and the establishment of PrEP initiation guidelines (Chou, 2023).

The Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program, a U.S. government initiative, has played a pivotal role in utilizing sustainable resources by providing integrated care and essential support services to over 550,000 individuals (HRSA, 2022). Additionally, AIDS Education and Training Center (AETC) programs contribute by promoting awareness and sharing innovative interventions. Highlighting these success stories can provide valuable insights for nurses and healthcare professionals in SSA, inspiring evidence-based reforms and tailored HIV prevention strategies.

Investment in Sustainable Resources and Global Partnerships

Addressing global health issues like HIV/AIDS requires collaboration between governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Although their operational frameworks differ, both aim to combat pressing public health challenges. Government bodies typically secure funds from member states to support research, medication access, and public health initiatives. WHO, for example, unites 192 member states in the collective effort to address HIV/AIDS (WHO, 2024). NGOs supplement these efforts by providing additional funding, technical expertise, and on-the-ground support.

References

Bingham, A., Shrestha, R. K., Khurana, N., Jacobson, E. U., & Farnham, P. G. (2021). Estimated lifetime HIV–related medical costs in the United States. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 48(4), 299–304. https://doi.org/10.1097/olq.0000000000001366

Brault, M. A., Vermund, S. H., Aliyu, M. H., Omer, S. B., Clark, D., & Spiegelman, D. (2021). Leveraging HIV care infrastructures for integrated chronic disease and pandemic management in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(20), 10751. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010751.

NURS FPX 8014 Assessment 3 Leading Global Health Strategic Planning and Policy Development notes

Chayama, K. L., Hufstedler, E. L., Whittle, H. J., Nápoles, T. M., Seligman, H., Madsen, K., & Palar, K. (2023). How food support improves mental health among people living with HIV: A qualitative study. PloS One, 18(3), e0282857. https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0282857

Chou, R., Evans, C., Hoverman, A., Sun, C., Dana, T., Bougatsos, C., Grusing, S., & Korthuis, P. T. (2019). Preexposure Prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV infection. JAMA, 321(22), 2214. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.2591.

Frontline AIDS. (2023). Our programs. Frontlineaids.org. https://frontlineaids.org/our-programmes/

Frontline AIDS. (2024, a). Our partnership. Frontlineaids.org. https://frontlineaids.org/our-partnership/

Frontline AIDS. (2024, b). United for prevention. Frontlineaids.org. https://frontlineaids.org/our-programmes/united-for-prevention/

He, J., Wang, Y., Du, Z., Liao, J., He, N., & Hao, Y. (2020). Peer education for HIV prevention among high-risk groups: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BioMed Central Infectious Diseases, 20, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05003-9

HRSA. (2022). Ryan White HIV/AIDS program. Hrsa.gov. https://ryanwhite.hrsa.gov/#:~:text=Through%20the%20Ryan%20White%20HIV,HIV%20in%20the%20United%20States.

Jacobson, L. E. (2020). President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) policy process and the conversation around HIV/AIDS in the United States. Journal of Development Policy and Practice, 5(2), 149-166. https://doi.org/10.1177/2455133320952210.

Mirkuzie, A. H., Ali, S., Abate, E., Worku, A., & Misganaw, A. (2021). Progress towards the 2020 fast track HIV/AIDS reduction targets across ages in Ethiopia as compared to neighboring countries using global burden of diseases 2017 data. BioMed Central Public Health, 21, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10269-y

Mushamiri, I., Belai, W., Sacks, E., Genberg, B., Gupta, S., & Perry, H. B. (2021). Evidence on the effectiveness of community-based primary health care in improving HIV/AIDS outcomes for mothers and children in low- and middle-income countries: Findings from a systematic review. Journal of Global Health, 11. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.11.11001

Okunogbe, A., Bowser, D., Gedik, G., Naseri, S., Abu-Agla, A., & Safi, N. (2020). Global Fund financing and human resources for health investments in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Human Resources for Health, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-020-00483-x.

NURS FPX 8014 Assessment 3 Leading Global Health Strategic Planning and Policy Development notes

Openaid. (2020). Frontline AIDS 2020-2022. Openaid.se. https://www.openaid.se/en/contributions/SE-0-SE-6-13807

Setia, B., Ni, & Pande Putu Januraga. (2022). Open communication about reproductive health is associated with comprehensive HIV knowledge and a non-stigmatising attitude among Indonesian youth: A Cross-sectional Study. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 55(4), 342–350. https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.581

Statista. (2022). South Africa: Number of deaths from AIDS 2002-2022. statista.com https://www.statista.com/statistics/1331607/number-of-deaths-from-aids-in-south-africa/#:~:text=In%202022%2C%20the%20estimated%20number,the%20country%20reached%20nearly%2088%2C000.

Threats, M., Brawner, B. M., Montgomery, T. M., Abrams, J., Jemmott, L.S., Crouch, P.-C., Freeborn, K., Kamitani, E., & Enah, C. (2021). A review of recent HIV prevention interventions and future considerations for nursing science. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 32(3), 373–391. https://doi.org/10.1097/jnc.0000000000000246

UNAIDS. (2021). HIV prevention among key populations. Unaids.org. https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/featurestories/2016/november/20161121_keypops

WHO. (2020). HIV testing services. (2020). Who.int. https://www.who.int/teams/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes/hiv/testing-diagnostics/hiv-testing-services

WHO. (2022). Developing global health sector strategies on HIV, viral hepatitis and STIs 2022-2030. Who.int. https://www.who.int/teams/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes/strategies/global-health-sector-strategies/developing-ghss-2022-2030

WHO. (2024). HIV and AIDS. Who.int. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids?gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQjw2ou2BhCCARIsANAwM2Gecx91cphiGnKzSbZB_vxZr3VFhebt4JwfxzLNHTvFVz-JSw-upzQaAt7TEALw_wcB

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