NURS FPX 8014 Assessment 3 Leading Global Health Strategic Planning and Policy Development notes

Name

Capella university

NURS FPX 8014 Global Population Health

Prof. Name

Date

Leading Global Health Strategic Planning and Policy Development

Hi! I am _______. Welcome to the presentation covering strategies, initiatives, and policies aimed at improving outcomes for public health issues: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) leading to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). World Health Organization (WHO) asserted that, in 2023, 39.9 million people worldwide were infected with HIV, and 630,000 died due to HIV (WHO, 2024).

I decided that I would attend a meeting with an association of professionals in the United States community to explain the profoundly affected Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), which has over 7.8 million cases and 85,796 deaths in 2022 (Statista, 2022). It has a significant effect on individual, communal, and population wellness and economic growth. My presentation will focus on methods and policies, drawing on novel ideas and past successes. Several programs of the WHO and Frontline AIDS are vital in addressing HIV. 

I chose activity A, which included going to a professional group meeting in the community, particularly a resident branch of the American Nurses Association (ANA). Participating at this gathering allows you to interact directly with nurses. My goal is to establish or offer extensive approaches, policies, and viable assets advocacy based on a significant investigation into the issue and vulnerable populations in SSA. The discussion will underscore the severity of the HIV/AIDS problem, describe evident solutions, and underline the significance of culturally appropriate methods. The goal of engaging stakeholders is to create significant improvements and encourage cooperation to mitigate the HIV/AIDS rate and enhance health conditions in the worst-affected areas like SSA.

Culturally Sensitive Strategies and Potential Policies

Performing as a nurse manager empowers me to comprehend better the cultural elements of offering efficient care. HIV/AIDS has a significant impact on the SSA region, and it remains an epidemic due to cultural attitudes and beliefs. Culturally responsive solutions are critical in tackling this issue (Setia et al., 2022). This section of the presentation suggests culturally appropriate interventions for fighting HIV/AIDS through education programs, community-based efforts, enhanced availability of medications, and food policy efforts. 

Culturally Sensitive Awareness Campaigns

Awareness programs are critical for addressing HIV/AIDS in SSA as numerous populations have stigma and different beliefs about sexual health as a result of deeply ingrained customs and inadequate access to care services. For instance, in some population cultures, discussing sexual well-being or using condoms is forbidden or considered unappealing.  Sex-related communications across communities, such as among family members, are regarded as embarrassing (Setia et al., 2022). The marginalized people can be offered assistance through educational and health resources.  Educational programs must be developed that acknowledge and incorporate cultural beliefs while delivering information about HIV/AIDS prevention and care.

For example, in SSA, HIV is often considered a curse and associated with sexual promiscuity, making it challenging for people to get screening and therapy. Culturally responsive education programs can help to eliminate stigma and increase testing and therapy for HIV. To change behavior, an awareness campaign combines mass media and peer education ((He et al., 2020). Culturally proficient medical experts and community leaders must offer these programs in several languages, including knowledge about HIV prevention, risk factors, screening, and care. 

Community-Based Interventions

The community-based interventions can successfully combat HIV/AIDS by integrating with cultural customs and values. Engaging community leaders can assist in enhancing acceptance and incorporation of current methods for HIV prevention. Community-based efforts should primarily target vulnerable populations such as the impoverished and pregnant women (Mushamiri et al., 2021). For example, In SSA, these interventions can entail promoting screening and therapy for HIV through the collaboration of local leaders and specialists. These interventions can also involve peer-led support groups and outreach activities that encourage HIV prevention, examination, and treatment.

Community care staff can do house visits and collaborate with local leaders to encourage condom use and provide guidance on proper use. Community-based initiatives, like Home-Based HIV Testing and Counselling (HBHTC), help to reduce the barrier to first interaction with healthcare providers by delivering care to the doorsteps of HIV-positive people (Mushamiri et al., 2021). Moreover, an outreach program enables the communities of the SSA region to confront the issue with comprehension and proper assets. It stimulates assets and maintains HIV/AIDS eradication as a political priority.

Affordable Access to HIV Medication and Therapy

HIV-related care costs 20% of the overall health budget in SSA. The cost of South Africa’s HIV program is about R30 billion yearly. On average, HIV-related medical expenses are $420,285 yearly (Bingham et al., 2021). The high expense of care discourages people from obtaining care. Unaffordability is a significant barrier to combating HIV/AIDS. Strategies and policies that facilitate inexpensive access to HIV treatment medication, like Antiretroviral therapy (ART) supplies, including patent pools and manufacturing of generic medicines, can assist in addressing HIV (Brault et al., 2021). Global funding programs can assist in minimizing expenses and providing a consistent supply of medication to underprivileged populations.

Food Policy Changes 

Food insecurity and malnutrition are major issues in SSA, and they can impair the immune system, rendering people more susceptible to HIV. Food policy reforms can also be helpful in combating HIV. Policies that encourage sustainable food production and security can help to minimize malnutrition while also boosting the immune system. Establishing food assistance programs, like food banks, nutritional vouchers, or school meal programs, can help guarantee that people living with HIV get the nutrients they need to stay healthy and improve their capacity to follow care guidelines (Chayama et al., 2023). Medically suitable dietary support, tailored to fulfill medical requirements, involving daily calorie and nutritional intake, is critical to improving mental health and reducing food insecurity among the population with HIV.

Areas for Better Preparation of Strategies

A clear understanding of regional customs and values is required to increase preparation for providing culturally sensitive HIV/AIDS preventive approaches in SSA. Understanding regional variations in traditional therapies and misunderstandings about HIV preventive measures, such as condom use and HIV screening, could aid in customizing education material. Considering these aspects supports the development of strategies that address the cultural needs of SSA communities while offering prevention services (Setia et al., 2022).

Integrating periodic input from local residents and program leaders can offer immediate information about the strategies’ performance and acceptance. Furthermore, examining regional assets such as peer support, staffing, administration, medical settings, and financial consequences of interventions will aid in determining acceptability and viability (Mushamiri et al., 2021). It ensures that solutions are attainable and integrated effectively into the current medical setting.

Sustainable Resources and Policy Development

Managing HIV/AIDS in SSA necessitates a diversified method that highlights the significance of viable resources and strong policy formulation. Promoting regulations that encourage viable distribution of assets and efficient reforms is critical to persistent HIV control. My proposal is consistent with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including SDG 3, which seeks to foster and promote wellness for everyone. SDG 3.3 targets to eliminate AIDS by 2030. It encourages for good health and zero HIV/AIDS deaths, about 90% reduction (Mirkuzie et al., 2021). Initially, investing in long-term planning of resources and allocation is crucial to guaranteeing HIV/AIDS prevention and therapy initiatives are always accessible and effective.

To reduce reliance on foreign aid, expenditure on HIV screening and ART utilization, and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP), should be prioritized through policies that encourage local production of medication and distribution. Furthermore, financing growth and infrastructure management, such as training and education of community staff, is critical for providing continuous HIV prevention, screening, therapy, and care services. For example, Brault et al. (2021), stated that the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) has made investments in educating medical staff, establishing health facilities, and enhancing laboratory systems in SSA to assist HIV control activities effectively.

NURS FPX 8014 Assessment 3 Leading Global Health Strategic Planning and Policy Development notes

Promoting change for viable resources and extensive policy reform is critical to improving HIV/AIDS results in SSA. Successful policy creation must center on developing integrated HIV/AIDS control plans that incorporate several preventative and curative approaches. Policies must promote universal availability of diagnostic testing and economical treatments, ensuring that all persons, particularly those in rural and underdeveloped locations, receive timely and adequate care (Brault et al., 2021). Additionally, investing in facilities and staff development will help to improve HIV prevention service delivery (Jacobson, 2020).

Countries with effective healthcare infrastructure and extensive HIV policies experience significant advances in HIV/AIDS control. Moreover, showcasing success examples from nations that have established effective HIV control strategies helps demonstrate the value of investing in long-term resources and comprehensive policies. The United States (US) is one such example, having successfully managed HIV/AIDS endemic with government assistance in areas such as investigation and financing. To combat HIV/AIDS, the US conducted research into novel treatment options, which resulted in the creation of successful therapies and prevention strategies.

NURS FPX 8014 Assessment 3 Leading Global Health Strategic Planning and Policy Development notes

The US has developed a PrEP initiation policy for HIV prevention. One crucial aspect was surveillance, diagnosis, and response by governmental agencies. They have conducted numerous clinical trials that have tested and validated new treatments and prevention strategies, including combination ART and long-acting PrEP (Chou, 2023). The USA has significantly expanded access to ART through the Affordable Care Act (ACA), which is one way of using sustainable financial resources that allows increased HIV screening and Therapy.

Capacity-building was crucial for using sustainable resources through the Ryan White HIV/AIDS program by the US government, which offers integrated care and assistance services for HIV-positive populations. They offer funding to regional community-based groups to offer HIV therapy, and crucial facilities to over 550,000 individuals in the US (HRSA, 2022). AIDS Education and Training Center (AETC) programs have contributed to the discussion of the problem and innovative solutions. Highlighting success stories will offer valuable insight to the audience, including nurses, and provide a window for further research and reforming strategies for HIV prevention in particular regions like SSA. The country effectively controlled HIV via global collaboration, emphasizing the importance of resource viability and developing policies. 

Investment in Sustainable Resources and Policy Development

Investing in world health problems is funded by two primary entities: government entities and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). They have different frameworks but share the goal of tackling global medical issues. Government agencies solicit investments from member states for research, medication, and guidance. WHO is a government agency with 192 nations as members that endeavors to address HIV (WHO, 2024). Public taxes are also a driver of investment. NGOs, such as Frontline Aids, are funded by grants, contributions, fundraising efforts, and partnerships with federal agencies. Frontline AIDS engages with 60 collaborators, particularly Global Funds, who have contributed $5 billion to fighting HIV/AIDS (Frontline AIDs, 2024, a).

The Global Fund provides funding for HIV/AIDS avoidance and care programs in underdeveloped countries, such as providing ART and community-based testing and counseling. Sustainable resources and policy development can help to ensure that these programs are effectively implemented, reducing the burden of HIV (Okunogbe et al., 2020). WHO and NGOs, such as Frontline AIDS, have made significant investments in the battle against HIV and are implementing SDG-aligned initiatives.

NURS FPX 8014 Assessment 3 Leading Global Health Strategic Planning and Policy Development notes

WHO has released the “Global Health Sector Strategy (GHSS) on HIV (2016-2021),” which offers an integrated plan for ending HIV and expanding universal healthcare globally where everyone has an opportunity for top-notch research-based and individualized care. The GHSS emphasizes specific disease targets, such as eliminating AIDS and viral hepatitis by 2030 (WHO, 2022). The WHO helps nations scale up programs like PrEP and quick screenings by providing technological support. Their policies highlight the necessity of equitable accessibility to HIV safeguarding, evaluation, and cure services, which is in alignment with the SDG targets of 90% mitigation by 2030. These activities of viable resources and policy reform are consistent with WHO’s mission to boost health, preserve the globe from HIV, and protect the most vulnerable people.

The mission is to achieve more substantial wellness and seeks to accomplish the 95-95-95 objectives for assessment, therapy, and suppression of HIV by 2025 and work toward eradicating AIDS (95%) by 2030 (WHO, 2020). Frontline AIDS is another key source of long-term investment. The NGO’s purpose is to speed the cessation of the epidemic of HIV. It helps community-based groups overcome political, social, and regulatory obstacles to establish an AIDS-free society. Frontline Aids performed an important part in acquiring SEK 90 million in 2020-2022 to carry out the “Global Plan of Action 2020-2025” for an HIV-free community (Openaid, 2020). They have made efforts through the development of “human rights violation tools” to offer equitable access to HIV prevention and care services.

NURS FPX 8014 Assessment 3 Leading Global Health Strategic Planning and Policy Development notes

Community-led harm reduction programs and funding from UNITAID reduce HIV infections among people in poor regions like SSA (Frontline AIDS, 2023). The “United for Prevention” program has allowed the avert of significant cases of 1.5 million people in 2021. Their financial support has resulted in fewer HIV-related deaths in nations where they serve (Frontline AIDS, 2024, b). Their funding also helps to train medical staff and build regional medical facilities, assuring a sustainable effect.  Their contributions show alignment with resource viability and policy reform, with the mission to combat HIV, reduce about 90% of HIV deaths, and offer equal care, making the world free of the burden of HIV.

Research reveals that the accessibility of HIV screening, therapy like PrEP, medications such as ART, and training plays a critical part in successful HIV control initiatives. For instance, The Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) asserted that the “HIV Prevention and Care Program in Key Populations,” supported by both Frontline AIDS and the WHO, has helped increase the number of people on PrEP and improve early diagnosis and treatment (UNAIDS, 2021). The practical features of policy formulation and long-term investment attract stakeholder support and buy-in, including other healthcare authorities and NGOs. For example, better quality of life, a greater economy, and improved public medical results will gradually lessen the burden of managing HIV.

Experience in Presenting and Advocating for Sustainable Resources

Reflection on the practice of improving HIV/AIDS results in SSA shows numerous critical observations and learning opportunities. Initially, significant analysis was conducted to prepare for the presentation on the existing condition of HIV and AIDS in SSA, the interventions assisted by Frontline AIDS and the WHO, and the effectiveness of the initiatives. The preparation was critical in making a strong, research-based statement about the significance of viable assets and efficient policy reform. Moreover, to properly engage the audience, the material needed to be presented concisely and intriguingly. I modified the content to highlight the results and current needs of HIV/AIDS prevention efforts, capturing attention and emphasizing the necessity of continuous financial assets.

Efforts include encouraging the usage of condoms, sexual health communication through education, contraceptive discussions, HIV testing, ART, and PrEP adoption (Threats et al., 2021). It was vital to employ practical and successful instances, such as the reduction of HIV cases in the United States, to demonstrate the real-world advantages of the suggested project. Obtaining comments after my presentation was beneficial to me. It identified areas where the justification can be enhanced, such as offering more extensive cost-efficacy evaluations and focusing on potential problems in policy creation, like culturally relevant issues; this input guided improvements and enabled effective advocacy campaigns. One of the primary issues I faced was addressing audiences’ different viewpoints.

NURS FPX 8014 Assessment 3 Leading Global Health Strategic Planning and Policy Development notes

Among the audience, nurses were from various backgrounds and with varying expertise and knowledge. Acknowledging the crucial role of traditions and customs in HIV prevention and care was critical. This emphasized the necessity of adapting approaches, including community leaders or regional caregivers, in the intervention’s planning and delivery (Mushamiri et al., 2021). Future enhancements will benefit from deeper planning focusing on acquiring more targeted data and evaluation metrics from particular areas within SSA. This reinforced the proposal by presenting solid evidence of successful approaches in various cultural and geographic settings. Engaging stakeholders from populations impacted by SSA provided personal insights. It will help me improve my skills as a care provider for resource preservation and advocacy to minimize HIV. 

Summary of Key Takeaways and Outcomes

I will outline the key insights of the presentation about HIV/AIDS that have a significant impact on the SSA region. The audience can apply these key points to their professional practices and learn from the results. 

1. Reducing HIV prevalence in SSA requires investment in sustainable resources and policy reform. It integrates cultural values and practices with advanced medical procedures to improve HIV control and treatment.
2. It emphasizes the importance of culturally relevant education in raising awareness among regional groups and marginalized populations (He et al., 2020).
3. Another point is that interventions should be affordable and easily readily accessible. The presentation emphasizes the importance of making HIV preventive strategies like ART and PrEP more accessible and inexpensive (Chou, 2023).
4. Investing in medical infrastructure is crucial for improving access to care and health outcomes in SSA.
5. NGOs like Frontline AIDS play a crucial role in developing sustainability in finances to address worldwide health problems like HIV.
6. Successful resource allocation and policy development requires collaboration with local leaders and organizations (Mushamiri et al., 2021). Building trust and relationships with local officials, medical specialists, and other stakeholders is crucial for creating efficient solutions that fit the unique requirements of HIV/AIDS-affected areas.

Outcomes

• The initial outcome is the audience’s receptive response to culturally appropriate health education programs and initiatives.
• The audience appreciated the importance of accessible and inexpensive HIV/AIDS prevention approaches. They acknowledged the convergence of organizational objectives and emphasized the importance and urgency of the proposed approaches.
• It highlights crucial topics for prospect initiatives, like increasing community participation and appreciating the nursing community’s different opinions on treating HIV/AIDS (Mushamiri et al., 2021). 

Nurses are able to incorporate cultural competence into health awareness campaigns to ensure they effectively interact with the local populations. As medical professionals, it is crucial to support policies, viable resources, and initiatives that will make HIV/AIDS treatments more reasonable and reachable. Nursing staff can also participate in ongoing learning and cooperate with other medical personnel and groups to strengthen advocacy initiatives. Furthermore, promotion must be adjusted to suit various viewpoints within the nursing group for enhanced interaction and effectiveness. 

Conclusion

In conclusion, managing HIV/AIDS in SSA necessitates culturally relevant approaches, cost-effective interventions, and strong policies. We can achieve significant advances in HIV prevention and treatment by recognizing cultural and social factors, incorporating current medical procedures, and encouraging collaboration amongst medical specialists. Ongoing advocacy and funding for sustainable resources are critical to longevity, improving health outcomes, and eliminating HIV/AIDS.

References

Bingham, A., Shrestha, R. K., Khurana, N., Jacobson, E. U., & Farnham, P. G. (2021). Estimated lifetime HIV–related medical costs in the United States. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 48(4), 299–304. https://doi.org/10.1097/olq.0000000000001366

Brault, M. A., Vermund, S. H., Aliyu, M. H., Omer, S. B., Clark, D., & Spiegelman, D. (2021). Leveraging HIV care infrastructures for integrated chronic disease and pandemic management in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(20), 10751. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010751. 

Chayama, K. L., Hufstedler, E. L., Whittle, H. J., Nápoles, T. M., Seligman, H., Madsen, K., & Palar, K. (2023). How food support improves mental health among people living with HIV: A qualitative study. PloS One, 18(3), e0282857. https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0282857

Chou, R., Evans, C., Hoverman, A., Sun, C., Dana, T., Bougatsos, C., Grusing, S., & Korthuis, P. T. (2019). Preexposure Prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV infection. JAMA, 321(22), 2214. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.2591. 

Frontline AIDS. (2023). Our programs. Frontlineaids.org. https://frontlineaids.org/our-programmes/

Frontline AIDS. (2024, a). Our partnership. Frontlineaids.org. https://frontlineaids.org/our-partnership/

Frontline AIDS. (2024, b). United for prevention. Frontlineaids.org. https://frontlineaids.org/our-programmes/united-for-prevention/

NURS FPX 8014 Assessment 3 Leading Global Health Strategic Planning and Policy Development notes

He, J., Wang, Y., Du, Z., Liao, J., He, N., & Hao, Y. (2020). Peer education for HIV prevention among high-risk groups: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BioMed Central Infectious Diseases, 20, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05003-9

HRSA. (2022). Ryan White HIV/AIDS program. Hrsa.gov. https://ryanwhite.hrsa.gov/#:~:text=Through%20the%20Ryan%20White%20HIV,HIV%20in%20the%20United%20States.

Jacobson, L. E. (2020). President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) policy process and the conversation around HIV/AIDS in the United States. Journal of Development Policy and Practice, 5(2), 149-166.  https://doi.org/10.1177/2455133320952210. 

Mirkuzie, A. H., Ali, S., Abate, E., Worku, A., & Misganaw, A. (2021). Progress towards the 2020 fast track HIV/AIDS reduction targets across ages in Ethiopia as compared to neighboring countries using global burden of diseases 2017 data. BioMed Central Public Health, 21, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10269-y

Mushamiri, I., Belai, W., Sacks, E., Genberg, B., Gupta, S., & Perry, H. B. (2021). Evidence on the effectiveness of community-based primary health care in improving HIV/AIDS outcomes for mothers and children in low- and middle-income countries: Findings from a systematic review. Journal of Global Health, 11. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.11.11001

NURS FPX 8014 Assessment 3 Leading Global Health Strategic Planning and Policy Development notes

Okunogbe, A., Bowser, D., Gedik, G., Naseri, S., Abu-Agla, A., & Safi, N. (2020). Global Fund financing and human resources for health investments in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Human Resources for Health, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-020-00483-x. 

Openaid. (2020). Frontline AIDS 2020-2022. Openaid.se. https://www.openaid.se/en/contributions/SE-0-SE-6-13807

Setia, B., Ni, & Pande Putu Januraga. (2022). Open communication about reproductive health is associated with comprehensive HIV knowledge and a non-stigmatising attitude among Indonesian youth: A Cross-sectional Study. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 55(4), 342–350. https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.581

Statista. (2022). South Africa: Number of deaths from AIDS 2002-2022. statista.com https://www.statista.com/statistics/1331607/number-of-deaths-from-aids-in-south-africa/#:~:text=In%202022%2C%20the%20estimated%20number,the%20country%20reached%20nearly%2088%2C000.

Threats, M., Brawner, B. M., Montgomery, T. M., Abrams, J., Jemmott, L.S., Crouch, P.-C., Freeborn, K., Kamitani, E., & Enah, C. (2021). A review of recent HIV prevention interventions and future considerations for nursing science. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 32(3), 373–391. https://doi.org/10.1097/jnc.0000000000000246

UNAIDS. (2021). HIV prevention among key populations. Unaids.org. https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/featurestories/2016/november/20161121_keypops

WHO. (2020). HIV testing services. (2020). Who.int. https://www.who.int/teams/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes/hiv/testing-diagnostics/hiv-testing-services

NURS FPX 8014 Assessment 3 Leading Global Health Strategic Planning and Policy Development notes

WHO. (2022). Developing global health sector strategies on HIV, viral hepatitis and STIs 2022-2030. Who.int. https://www.who.int/teams/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes/strategies/global-health-sector-strategies/developing-ghss-2022-2030

WHO. (2024). HIV and AIDS. Who.int. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids?gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQjw2ou2BhCCARIsANAwM2Gecx91cphiGnKzSbZB_vxZr3VFhebt4JwfxzLNHTvFVz-JSw-upzQaAt7TEALw_wcB

 

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