NURS FPX 4015 Assessment 3
NURS FPX 4015 Assessment 3
Name
Capella university
NURS-FPX4015 Pathophysiology, Pharmacology, and Physical Assessment: A Holistic Approach to Patient-Centered Care
Prof. Name
Date
Concept Map: The 3Ps and Mental Health Care
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a leading mental health condition, recognized as the third most significant cause of global disease burden (Bains & Abdijadid, 2023). The three primary factors that influence MDD include psychological, physiological, and pharmacological components, often referred to as the 3Ps. These factors are crucial for understanding and managing the disorder. A visual representation of the 3Ps concept map helps clinicians in decision-making and enhances patient care strategies by organizing these factors effectively.
Case Scenario
Ivy Jackson, a 61-year-old woman, is diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) after experiencing a significant life event. She reports ongoing symptoms such as persistent sadness, weight loss, sleep disturbances, and emotional distress, which align with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria for MDD. Ivy’s symptoms necessitate a comprehensive approach to care, focusing on risk factor evaluation, diagnostic assessment, pharmacological treatment, and nursing interventions tailored to her condition.
Mental Health Diagnosis
Ivy’s clinical presentation is consistent with MDD, featuring prolonged sadness, loss of interest in daily activities, cognitive impairments, sleep disturbances, and functional decline (Bains & Abdijadid, 2023). Her depressive symptoms began after the sudden end of her 38-year marriage, leading to feelings of hopelessness, frequent crying episodes, and anhedonia. Ivy has also lost 10 pounds due to a reduction in appetite, insomnia, fatigue, and trouble concentrating. Though she denies suicidal ideation, her emotional distress and social isolation heighten her risk, requiring close monitoring and intervention.
Multiple factors contribute to Ivy’s depressive episode. Her psychosocial stressors, such as her divorce and family history of depression, increase her vulnerability to MDD. There is also a genetic predisposition, as both her mother and brother have histories of depression. Additionally, Ivy has hypertension and has experienced previous depressive episodes, particularly during major life transitions like her youngest child leaving for college. She was previously prescribed venlafaxine, a Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI), but discontinued it due to withdrawal symptoms, which may have played a role in her current relapse. Non-adherence to antidepressants is a well-established factor in the recurrence of depressive symptoms (Naudín et al., 2022).
NURS FPX 4015 Assessment 3
Although Ivy’s symptoms were initially triggered by her divorce, her condition is more aligned with MDD than situational depression. Situational depression typically resolves once the stressor is removed, while MDD is chronic and involves biological dysfunction, including neurotransmitter imbalances and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction (Remes, 2021). Given the persistent nature of her symptoms and her history of depression, a comprehensive treatment plan, including pharmacological therapy, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes, is necessary to improve her emotional well-being, treatment adherence, and overall quality of life.
Concept Map for Ivy Jackson
| Factors | Psychological | Physiological | Pharmacological |
|---|---|---|---|
| Risk Factors | Divorce, family history of depression, social isolation | Hypertension, past depressive episodes | Discontinuation of venlafaxine, non-adherence to medications |
| Signs & Symptoms | Persistent sadness, crying, hopelessness, anhedonia | Fatigue, weight loss, sleep disturbances, poor appetite | Side effects of antidepressants, withdrawal symptoms |
| Diagnostics | DSM-5 criteria for MDD | Thyroid function tests, CBC, Vitamin D screening | Past medication responses, adherence patterns |
| Complications | Chronic depression, social detachment, impaired decision-making | Unregulated hypertension, nutritional deficiencies | Relapse, medication non-adherence |
| Nursing Interventions | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Interpersonal Therapy (IPT), social support | Sleep hygiene, dietary counseling, physical activity | Medication adherence support, side effect management |
Conclusion
Ivy Jackson’s case illustrates the complex nature of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Through a structured concept map, various factors related to her condition, such as risk factors, symptoms, diagnostic methods, pharmacological treatments, complications, and nursing interventions, are clearly outlined. A comprehensive approach that integrates clinical expertise with patient-centered care is crucial for optimizing Ivy’s treatment plan, promoting treatment adherence, and improving her overall mental health and quality of life.
References
Bains, N., & Abdijadid, S. (2023, April 10). Major depressive disorder. PubMed; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559078/
Chand, S., & Arif, H. (2023). Depression. PubMed; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430847/
Lieshout, R. J. V., Layton, H., Savoy, C. D., Haber, E., Feller, A., Biscaro, A., Bieling, P. J., & Ferro, M. A. (2022). Public health nurse-delivered group cognitive behavioural therapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 67(6), 432–440. https://doi.org/10.1177/07067437221074426
NURS FPX 4015 Assessment 3
Naudín, M. A.-P., Abejón, E.-G., Gómez, F.-H., Lázaro, D.-F., & Álvarez, F. J. (2022). Non-adherence to antidepressant treatment and related factors in a region of Spain: A population-based registry study. Pharmaceutics, 14(12), 2696. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14122696
Remes, O. (2021). Biological, psychological, and social determinants of depression: A review of recent literature. Brain Sciences, 11(12), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11121633