NURS FPX 4000 Assessment 2

Name

Capella university

NURS-FPX4000 Developing a Nursing Perspective

Prof. Name

Date

Applying Research Skills

Lack of access to the necessary medical services remains a prominent issue that can be eliminated; it strongly affects people’s and the population’s health. They are discontented and contribute to the worsening of chronic and acute illnesses, treatment delays, and mortality. With over 41 million people underserved in terms of healthcare provision, it is approximated that 68,000 lives can be saved by facilitating access to healthcare (Galvani et al., 2020). This issue is not just monetary, as it impacts people’s mental health, employment, and the stability of families and communities.

It is important from a professional perspective because it addresses the issue of limited access to equal care and better health for the population. I saw patient care alternatives such as community participation in health programs and mobile clinics closing the gaps for the needy. Telemedicine services also improve the country’s accessibility and availability of health information, especially in rural and deprived regions. Addressing this warrants policy intervention to compromise the engagement of all stakeholders and technological innovation to enhance the affordability of health services.

Selection of Peer-Reviewed Articles

Due to the paucity of literature on the topic, I first searched PubMed, CINAHL, and the Cochrane library to find literature on limited access to healthcare. Keywords for the database search were healthcare access, care delay, minority groups, telemedicine, and health disparities, with an emphasis on articles published during the last three to five years. To this end, the review focused on articles on the breadth of issues in access, successful interventions, and new approaches for enhancing healthcare delivery. The articles selected in the present review focused on strategies like telemedicine that improve available and attainable medical care in rural areas and areas with limited accessibility and community-based health interventions for addressing vulnerable groups’ healthcare barriers.

Moreover, the initiative to use health literacy to increase the focus on it and Medicaid extension were also listed as promising measures for eliminating disparities. Organizational perspectives such as stakeholder involvement and policies were also assessed to provide the necessary information about the issue. Identifying these factors presents recommendations based on empirical research to enhance fair healthcare service provision and support improved health.

Credibility and Relevance of Sources

To evaluate the credibility and relevance of sources on limited access to healthcare, I utilized the CRAAP criteria: Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, Purpose (Muis et al., 2022). To do this, I focused on the most recent literature available because the challenges and innovations in health services access are mostly recent. In evaluating the relevance of the sources, identified articles were selected based on their ability to provide information on barriers to care and telemedicine and community-based programs.

This was achieved first through special attention to selecting the publications, which were from peer-reviewed journals so that authority could be guaranteed. Furthermore, I examined the methodological, scientific, and efficacy of recommendations on availing health care. Last, I scrutinized the sundry purpose of each article to check whether it was driven by the goal of increasing healthcare equity or increasing sales of particular products by supporting business. Therefore, the CRAAP helped me to confirm the relevance, affordability, recency, and pertinence of the sources to strategies for enhancing access to health care.

Annotated Bibliography

Hoffman, D. A. (2020). Increasing access to care: Telehealth during COVID-19. Journal of Law and the Biosciences, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/jlb/lsaa043

The article examines the use of telehealth technology during the COVID-19 public health emergency, highlighting how technology can be used to deliver services to patients with minimal possibility of contracting the disease and enhance access to healthcare remotely. Telemedicine has been useful in continuing care during home solitude and patients avoiding contact with COVID-19, and it could help save healthcare resources and infrastructures for the most severe cases. The paper also discusses how federal and state laws moved quickly to support the quick adoption of telehealth solutions while describing the potential for telehealth solutions to become a permanent part of future healthcare systems.

They reveal the crucial domains that should be addressed at the governmental and legal levels, such as reimbursement, privacy and security, legal protection, licensure and credentialing, authorized technology acquisition, and AI utilization. The study’s validity is high since it was obtained from an academic periodical, which enhances and ensures the accuracy of the results. The topic of the publication is up-to-date and addresses trends and future prospects of telehealthcare. The information presented here is pivotal in establishing policies that enable the capture of the most value possible from telehealth in EM and chronic care.

NURS FPX 4000 Assessment 2

Sieck, C. J., Sheon, A., Ancker, J. S., Castek, J., Callahan, B., & Siefer, A. (2021). Digital inclusion as a social determinant of health. NPJ Digital Medicine, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-021-00413-8

The article looks at how through the technology and mHealth, applications like patient’s portal, health application, remote monitoring devices, follow-up support can be made available to the patients in order to increase their engagement and support beyond the clinical settings. The application of above mentioned technologies has very effectively demonstrated that they enhance health of people by filling up the gaps in delivery of care. However, the study reveals promising practices, while identifying barriers such as no/bad broadband connection and inadequate digital literacy, especially in low-income households and resulting exacerbation of existing healthcare disparities. For example, the penetration of broadband is as low as 15% to 24% of the Americans; 38% of the households earning $20,000 and below in a year have the most difficult circumstances, whether in rural or urban settings.

The unpredicted dual pandemic of COVID-19 and digital exclusion underlines digital inclusiveness as an emerging fundamental driver of healthcare need and access, with Internet connection and digital literacy referred to as super social determinants of health defining the access to employment and housing among other tools. It is possible to remove such barriers as it was already mentioned as an example of the effective interventions, for instance, to increase a broadband connection and digital literacy level. The strength of the study is derived from the fact that it is a peer-reviewed study, addressing contemporary issues in the application of technology to improve the delivery of health care and health care equity.

NURS FPX 4000 Assessment 2

Wray, C. M., Khare, M., & Keyhani, S. (2021). Access to care, cost of care, and satisfaction with care among adults with private and public health insurance in the US. JAMA Network Open, 4(6), e2110275. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.10275

The article examines how patient access, costs and satisfaction vary with five main types of insurance available to people in the United States The authors used primary data from a survey involving 149,290 participants from 17 states and the District of Columbia To the authors’ surprise, the survey results showed that patients with employer/individual private insurance had less access to care, paid higher out of pocket amounts and were less satisfied than those with public insurance.

These results point out the differences in balance policies and benefits between private and public insurance programs, which necessitate increasing enrollment in public insurance programs or improving the protection of individuals with private insurance. The importance of the study is that it explores present-day concerns in organizing the U.S. healthcare system to inform prospective policies designed to increase patient access to, affordability of, and their satisfaction with their insurance. This is based on the large sample and the highly detailed analytical approach that the authors took to arrive at their conclusions which will be useful in continued debates on the state of health care equity and access.

NURS FPX 4000 Assessment 2

Moroz, N., Moroz, I., & Slovinec D’Angelo, M. (2020). Mental health services in Canada: Barriers and cost-effective solutions to increase access. Healthcare Management Forum, 33(6), 282–287. https://doi.org/10.1177/0840470420933911

The article outlines key barriers to accessing mental health services in Canada, including high costs, uncertainty about where to seek help, long wait times, and inadequate funding. Recent federal funding commitments are highlighted, focusing on evidence-based and cost-effective solutions to improve mental health access. Through the Common Statement of Principles on Shared Health Priorities, Canadian jurisdictions are expanding community-based mental health programs and early interventions, particularly for children and youth.

The study underscores the effectiveness and cost-efficiency of integrated community and primary care-based interventions in increasing access to mental health services while reducing overall healthcare costs. These initiatives are poised to benefit significantly from the federal government’s recent investments, presenting a scalable approach to addressing mental health disparities across Canada. The article’s credibility is bolstered by its focus on current funding efforts and proven strategies, making it highly relevant to ongoing discussions on mental health accessibility.

Reflections on Developing the Annotated Bibliography

The annotated bibliography furthered my knowledge on how to improve access to care, with a focus on telehealth, digital inclusion, insurance policies, and integrated mental health interventions. Hoffman (2020) emphasized the importance of telehealth in the COVID-19 pandemic, demonstrating its ability to continue care while conserving healthcare resources.

The article highlights progress in the regulation of three areas: reimbursement, privacy, and licensure, to ensure that advantages in chronic and emergency care under telehealth are maximally realized. Sieck et al. (2021) explored digital inclusion as a super social determinant of health, highlighting how exclusion from broadband access and from digital literacy limits the non-discriminatory and equitable uptake of mHealth tools, especially in less affluent households. Wray et al. (2021) shed light on the inequalities of coverage in U.S. health care; individuals with public insurance were reporting better access, lower costs, and higher satisfaction with care than those with private insurance, thus emphasizing a need for policy changes in this regard.

Moroz et al. (2020) discussed the impediments to mental health care access in Canada, long wait times and funding issues, and proposed cost-effective, community-based solutions aligned with recent federal investments. All of these studies point toward a multi-pronged solution to increase access to care: using telehealth and mHealth technologies, digital disparity remedy, reform of insurance protections, and investments in community-based services integrated at different levels.

Conclusion

Improving access to care requires a multifaceted approach involving telehealth, digital inclusion, insurance reforms, and community-based interventions. Telehealth enhances continuity and reach, while addressing broadband access and digital literacy reduces disparities. Expanding public insurance coverage and improving private insurance protections ensure affordability and satisfaction. Community-based mental health programs further bridge gaps in care, particularly for vulnerable populations. Integrating these strategies, supported by recent research, is essential for achieving equitable and effective healthcare delivery.

References

Galvani, A. P., Parpia, A. S., Foster, E. M., Singer, B. H., & Fitzpatrick, M. C. (2020). Improving the prognosis of health care in the USA. The Lancet, 395(10223), 524–533. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(19)33019-3

Hoffman, D. A. (2020). Increasing access to care: Telehealth during COVID-19. Journal of Law and the Biosciences, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/jlb/lsaa043

NURS FPX 4000 Assessment 2

Muis, K. R., Denton, C., & Dubé, A. (2022). Identifying CRAAP on the Internet: A Source Evaluation Intervention. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 9(7), 239–265. https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.97.12670

NURS FPX 4000 Assessment 2

NURS FPX 4000 Assessment 2

Applying Research Skills

Selection of Peer-Reviewed Articles

Credibility and Relevance of Sources

Annotated Bibliography

NURS FPX 4000 Assessment 2

NURS FPX 4000 Assessment 2

NURS FPX 4000 Assessment 2

Reflections on Developing the Annotated Bibliography

Conclusion

References

NURS FPX 4000 Assessment 2

NURS FPX 4000 Assessment 1

NURS FPX 4000 Assessment 3

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